Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood, caused by either inadequate insulin production or the body's ineffective use of insulin. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes require daily insulin injections to regulate their blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is primarily caused by lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Treatment often involves lifestyle changes, medication, and insulin therapy. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels that develop during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before becoming pregnant. Research in the field of diabetes mellitus aims to improve understanding of the causes, prevention, and treatment of the disease. This includes studies on genetics, lifestyle factors, complications of diabetes, and potential new therapies or technologies to manage the condition. Ultimately, the goal of research in this area is to improve the quality of life for people with diabetes and reduce the burden of the disease on society.